25 April: Italy marks 80 years of liberation amid mourning and political tension
How national remembrance is once again caught between memory, politics, and collective grief
Each year, on 25 April, Italy observes Festa della Liberazione — Liberation Day — with a national public holiday. The date commemorates the end of Nazi occupation and Fascist rule during the Second World War, as well as the victory of the partisan Resistance movement. These fighters — women and men from diverse backgrounds — united in armed opposition to tyranny, engaging in both a war of liberation and a civil war.
Parades and commemorations take place across the country, largely organised by ANPI (the National Association of Italian Partisans), which continues to safeguard the legacy of the Resistance. Declared a national holiday in 1946, the day remains a pivotal — yet contentious — moment in Italy’s history. Each year, it draws criticism from right-wing political factions who either downplay or reject the celebration entirely.
25 April and the mourning for Pope Francis
This year, however, the day has stirred deeper controversy. Liberation Day falls within a five-day of national mourning for Pope Francis, declared following his passing. The government has called for all public events to be conducted with appropriate “sobriety” in light of the Pope’s death. That request has extended to the 25 April commemorations. That, led to accusations — particularly from the political left. The government is using the mourning period to suppress a key symbol of Italy’s anti-fascist identity. Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s right-wing coalition denies any such intention.
Critics argue that the timing of the national mourning reflects not only sensitivity to public grief but also a political calculation. In Italy, the legacy of anti-fascism is still a matter of debate. Therefore, some see in this gesture an attempt to impose a “state morality.” A way to elevate certain values while undermining others. Since Liberation Day cannot be officially repealed, opponents suggest it is instead being quietly sidelined.
Indeed, no other Pope was granted as many days of national mourning. For example, only three days were observed for John Paul II.
Final thoughts
More than just a symbolic event, Festa della Liberazione is a reminder that democracy requires constant vigilance. Liberation is not a static achievement. It is an ongoing process rooted in collective memory, historical accuracy, solidarity, and the courage to resist injustice in all its forms. In a time when basic freedoms are increasingly under pressure — as seen in recent security laws — the spirit of the Resistance remains vital.
In 2025, the 25 April holiday falls on a Friday, offering many Italians an extended “super ponte” weekend, following closely on the heels of Easter Monday. But beyond the long weekend lies a deeper truth. This anniversary is not merely a relic of the past but a call to awareness. A reminder that the values won in 1945 must never be taken for granted.
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