Climate action and the new materiality: when climate risk becomes a profit crisis
Why climate risk is no longer a sustainability issue, but a financial one
What makes companies truly sensitive to climate action?
Profit.
Not moral pressure.
Not awareness campaigns.
And not even public outrage.
Profit.
And this is precisely why the new report, The Cost of Inaction, by Apparel Impact Institute (AII), feels different. It does not appeal to conscience. It speaks the only language that boardrooms consistently understand: financial survival.
The new materiality: from responsibility to financial necessity
For years, the fashion industry has discussed climate targets, net-zero pathways, decarbonisation roadmaps. The vocabulary has been refined. The pledges have multiplied—and with them, so has greenwashing.
But awareness without structural action changes very little. (We explored the knowledge gap here).
This report shifts the narrative. Climate risk is translated into numbers. And the numbers are not symbolic.
- Operating margins could shrink by up to 34% by 2030
- Losses could reach 67% by 2040
- Under a net-zero transition scenario, the $1.77 trillion fashion industry could lose up to 70% of its value by 2040
This is no longer about “doing better.”
It is about remaining economically viable.
The three pressures that will reshape fashion
The report identifies three main financial risks:
- Rising carbon pricing
- Increasing raw material costs
- Higher and more volatile energy prices
The message is clear: delaying the energy transition increases exposure. Conventional operators heavily dependent on fossil fuels and coal will face multiplying costs.
Climate volatility is not a future scenario.
It is a cost driver already embedded in supply chains.
The most interesting part: action pays
The report is not apocalyptic. It is pragmatic.
It shows that early investments — particularly in supplier decarbonisation — create resilience and protect margins.
Incremental improvements such as:
- Energy efficiency
- Heat recovery systems
- Electrification
- Renewable energy adoption
can deliver meaningful short-term relief while building long-term competitiveness. The report advises CFOs to view these not as costs, but as capital allocations that stabilise the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and protect EBIT—a framing that transforms a sustainability expense into a margin-defence strategy.
Companies that de-risk their supply chains and decouple profitability from climate-sensitive inputs could face four to five times less exposure by 2040.
This is not activism.
This is financial strategy.
CFOs at the centre
One of the most revealing aspects of the report is who it addresses: chief financial officers and finance teams.
Climate strategy is no longer confined to sustainability departments. It now belongs in capital allocation, risk modelling, and governance discussions.
Kristina Elinder Liljas of AII describes the report as putting a “price tag” on delayed net-zero transition. And that phrase matters. Because once a risk is priced, it can no longer be ignored.
Even industry leaders — such as H&M Group — acknowledge that awareness without decisive action will not deliver science-based targets—a notable admission from a company emblematic of the fast-fashion business model.
However, when it comes to sustainability and climate change, fast fashion reveals a striking paradox. The overproduction model remains untouched — as if it were neutral, inevitable. Yet choosing not to change is itself a powerful act of choice. The fast-fashion perspective is not just limited; it is inherently flawed. The core issue is that maintaining an unchanged overproduction business model is not a viable option; it is the very barrier preventing real progress.
Climate action: collaboration is not optional
The report emphasises co-financing and collective investment. Supply chains are interconnected ecosystems. One actor alone cannot stabilise the system.
Lewis Perkins, CEO of AII, highlights that maintaining business stability in a climate-disrupted world requires industry-wide cooperation, channelled through initiatives like AII’s own Fashion Climate Fund, which pools brand capital to de-risk and accelerate supplier-level investments.
This is perhaps the uncomfortable truth: resilience is a collective effort.
Beyond fashion
Although focused on apparel, the message extends far beyond fashion.
Any industry that postpones climate mitigation is not protecting its profit. It is accumulating risk.
The cost of inaction is not abstract.
It is measurable.
And it compounds.
A final reflection
For years, we have framed sustainability as an ethical evolution. Perhaps we were speaking the wrong language. Ethics, it seems, has become unfashionable.
If profit is what finally moves companies, then maybe this is the real turning point: climate action is no longer about virtue.
It is about survival.
And when survival becomes the question, hesitation becomes the most expensive choice of all.
But a final irony remains: the very brands whose business depends on relentless overproduction are now positioned as architects of the solution. Can those who built the problem truly deliver the cure — or will profit and habit always win?
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